/*
 * Copyright (c) 2009 CTTC
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Author: Nicola Baldo <nbaldo@cttc.es>
 */

#ifndef SPECTRUM_VALUE_H
#define SPECTRUM_VALUE_H

#include "spectrum-model.h"

#include <ns3/ptr.h>
#include <ns3/simple-ref-count.h>

#include <ostream>
#include <vector>

namespace ns3
{

/// Container for element values
typedef std::vector<double> Values;

/**
 * \ingroup spectrum
 *
 * \brief Set of values corresponding to a given SpectrumModel
 *
 * This class implements a Function Space which can represent any
 * function \f$ g: F \in {\sf
 * R\hspace*{-0.9ex}\rule{0.15ex}{1.5ex}\hspace*{0.9ex}}^N \rightarrow {\sf
 * R\hspace*{-0.9ex}\rule{0.15ex}{1.5ex}\hspace*{0.9ex}}  \f$
 *
 * Every instance of this class represent a particular function \f$ g(F) \f$.
 * The domain of the function space, i.e., \f$ F \f$, is implemented by Bands.
 * The codomain of the function space is implemented by Values.
 *
 * To every possible value of \f$ F\f$ corresponds a different Function
 * Space.
 * Mathematical operations are defined in this Function Space; these
 * operations are implemented by means of operator overloading.
 *
 * The intended use of this class is to represent frequency-dependent
 * things, such as power spectral densities, frequency-dependent
 * propagation losses, spectral masks, etc.
 */
class SpectrumValue : public SimpleRefCount<SpectrumValue>
{
  public:
    /**
     * @brief SpectrumValue constructor
     *
     * @param sm pointer to the SpectrumModel which implements the set of frequencies to which the
     * values will be referring.
     *
     * @warning the intended use if that sm points to a static object
     * which will be there for the whole simulation. This is reasonable
     * since the set of frequencies which are to be used in the
     * simulation is normally known before the simulation starts. Make
     * sure that the SpectrumModel instance which sm points to has already been
     * initialized by the time this method is invoked. The main reason is
     * that if you initialize the SpectrumModel instance afterwards, and
     * the memory for the underlying std::vector gets reallocated, then
     * sm will not be a valid reference anymore. Another reason is that
     * m_values could end up having the wrong size.
     */
    SpectrumValue(Ptr<const SpectrumModel> sm);

    SpectrumValue();

    /**
     * Access value at given frequency index
     *
     * @param index the given frequency index
     *
     * @return reference to the value
     */
    double& operator[](size_t index);

    /**
     * Access value at given frequency index
     *
     * @param index the given frequency index
     *
     * @return const reference to the value
     */
    const double& operator[](size_t index) const;

    /**
     *
     * @return the uid of the embedded SpectrumModel
     */
    SpectrumModelUid_t GetSpectrumModelUid() const;

    /**
     *
     * @return the  embedded SpectrumModel
     */
    Ptr<const SpectrumModel> GetSpectrumModel() const;

    /**
     *
     *
     * @return a const iterator pointing to the beginning of the embedded Bands
     */
    Bands::const_iterator ConstBandsBegin() const;

    /**
     *
     *
     * @return a const iterator pointing to the end of the embedded Bands
     */
    Bands::const_iterator ConstBandsEnd() const;

    /**
     *
     *
     * @return a const iterator pointing to the beginning of the embedded Values
     */
    Values::const_iterator ConstValuesBegin() const;

    /**
     *
     *
     * @return a const iterator pointing to the end of the embedded Values
     */
    Values::const_iterator ConstValuesEnd() const;

    /**
     *
     *
     * @return an iterator pointing to the beginning of the embedded Values
     */
    Values::iterator ValuesBegin();

    /**
     *
     *
     * @return an iterator pointing to the end of the embedded Values
     */
    Values::iterator ValuesEnd();

    /**
     * \brief Get the number of values stored in the array
     * \return the values array size
     */
    uint32_t GetValuesN() const;

    /**
     * Directly set the values using the std::vector<double>
     * \param values a reference to the std::vector<double>
     */
    inline void SetValues(Values& values)
    {
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(
            values.size() == m_spectrumModel->GetNumBands(),
            "Values size does not correspond to the SpectrumModel in use by this SpectrumValue.");
        m_values = values;
    }

    /**
     * Directly set the values by moving the values from the input std::vector<double>
     * \param values a reference to the std::vector<double> to be moved
     */
    inline void SetValues(Values&& values)
    {
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(
            values.size() == m_spectrumModel->GetNumBands(),
            "Values size does not correspond to the SpectrumModel in use by this SpectrumValue.");
        m_values = std::move(values);
    }

    /**
     * \brief Provides the direct access to the underlying std::vector<double>
     * that stores the spectrum values.
     * \return a reference to the stored values
     */
    inline Values& GetValues()
    {
        return m_values;
    }

    /**
     * \brief Provides the direct read-only access to the underlying std::vector<double>
     * that stores the spectrum values.
     * \return a const reference to the stored values
     */
    inline const Values& GetValues() const
    {
        return m_values;
    }

    /**
     * \brief Get the value element at the position
     * \param pos position
     * \return the value element in that position (with bounds checking)
     */
    const double& ValuesAt(uint32_t pos) const;

    /**
     *  addition operator
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs + rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator+(const SpectrumValue& lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     *  addition operator
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs + rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator+(const SpectrumValue& lhs, double rhs);

    /**
     *  addition operator
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs + rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator+(double lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     *  subtraction operator
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs - rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator-(const SpectrumValue& lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     *  subtraction operator
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs - rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator-(const SpectrumValue& lhs, double rhs);

    /**
     *  subtraction operator
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs - rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator-(double lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     *  multiplication component-by-component (Schur product)
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs * rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator*(const SpectrumValue& lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     *  multiplication by a scalar
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs * rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator*(const SpectrumValue& lhs, double rhs);

    /**
     *  multiplication of a scalar
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs * rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator*(double lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     *  division component-by-component
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of lhs / rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator/(const SpectrumValue& lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * division by a scalar
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of *this / rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator/(const SpectrumValue& lhs, double rhs);

    /**
     * division of a scalar
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return the value of *this / rhs
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator/(double lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * Compare two spectrum values
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return true if lhs and rhs SpectruValues are equal
     */
    friend bool operator==(const SpectrumValue& lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * Compare two spectrum values
     *
     * @param lhs Left Hand Side of the operator
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     *
     * @return true if lhs and rhs SpectruValues are not equal
     */
    friend bool operator!=(const SpectrumValue& lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * unary plus operator
     *
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     * @return the value of *this
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator+(const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * unary minus operator
     *
     * @param rhs Right Hand Side of the operator
     * @return the value of - *this
     */
    friend SpectrumValue operator-(const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * left shift operator
     *
     * @param n position to shift
     *
     * @return the value of *this left shifted by n positions. In other
     * words, the function of the set of frequencies represented by
     * *this is left-shifted in frequency by n positions.
     */
    SpectrumValue operator<<(int n) const;

    /**
     * right shift operator
     *
     * @param n position to shift
     *
     * @return the value of *this right shifted by n positions. In other
     * words, the function of the set of frequencies represented by
     * *this is left-shifted in frequency by n positions.
     */
    SpectrumValue operator>>(int n) const;

    /**
     * Add the Right Hand Side of the operator to *this, component by component
     *
     * @param rhs the Right Hand Side
     *
     * @return a reference to *this
     */
    SpectrumValue& operator+=(const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * Subtract the Right Hand Side of the operator from *this, component by component
     *
     * @param rhs the Right Hand Side
     *
     * @return a reference to *this
     */
    SpectrumValue& operator-=(const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * Multiply *this by the Right Hand Side of the operator, component by component
     *
     * @param rhs the Right Hand Side
     *
     * @return  a reference to *this
     */
    SpectrumValue& operator*=(const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * Divide *this by the Right Hand Side of the operator, component by component
     *
     * @param rhs the Right Hand Side
     *
     * @return  a reference to *this
     */
    SpectrumValue& operator/=(const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     * Add the value of the Right Hand Side of the operator to all
     * components of *this
     *
     * @param rhs the Right Hand Side
     *
     * @return a reference to *this
     */
    SpectrumValue& operator+=(double rhs);

    /**
     * Subtract the value of the Right Hand Side of the operator from all
     * components of *this
     *
     * @param rhs the Right Hand Side
     *
     * @return a reference to *this
     */
    SpectrumValue& operator-=(double rhs);

    /**
     * Multiply every component of *this by the value of the Right Hand
     * Side of the operator
     *
     * @param rhs the Right Hand Side
     *
     * @return  a reference to *this
     */
    SpectrumValue& operator*=(double rhs);

    /**
     * Divide every component of *this by the value of the Right Hand
     * Side of the operator
     *
     * @param rhs the Right Hand Side
     *
     * @return  a reference to *this
     */
    SpectrumValue& operator/=(double rhs);

    /**
     * Assign each component of *this to the value of the Right Hand
     * Side of the operator
     *
     * @param rhs
     *
     * @return
     */
    SpectrumValue& operator=(double rhs);

    /**
     *
     * @param x the operand
     *
     * @return the euclidean norm, i.e., the sum of the squares of all
     * the values in x
     */
    friend double Norm(const SpectrumValue& x);

    /**
     *
     * @param x the operand
     *
     * @return the sum of all
     * the values in x
     */
    friend double Sum(const SpectrumValue& x);

    /**
     * @param x the operand
     *
     * @return the product of all
     * the values in x
     */
    friend double Prod(const SpectrumValue& x);

    /**
     *
     *
     * @param lhs the base
     * @param rhs the exponent
     *
     * @return each value in base raised to the exponent
     */
    friend SpectrumValue Pow(const SpectrumValue& lhs, double rhs);

    /**
     *
     * @param lhs the base
     * @param rhs the exponent
     *
     * @return the value in base raised to each value in the exponent
     */
    friend SpectrumValue Pow(double lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);

    /**
     *
     *
     * @param arg the argument
     *
     * @return the logarithm in base 10 of all values in the argument
     */
    friend SpectrumValue Log10(const SpectrumValue& arg);

    /**
     *
     *
     * @param arg the argument
     *
     * @return the logarithm in base 2 of all values in the argument
     */
    friend SpectrumValue Log2(const SpectrumValue& arg);

    /**
     *
     *
     * @param arg the argument
     *
     * @return the logarithm in base e of all values in the argument
     */
    friend SpectrumValue Log(const SpectrumValue& arg);

    /**
     *
     *
     * @param arg the argument
     *
     * @return the value of the integral \f$\int_F g(f) df  \f$
     */
    friend double Integral(const SpectrumValue& arg);

    /**
     *
     * @return a Ptr to a copy of this instance
     */
    Ptr<SpectrumValue> Copy() const;

    /**
     *  TracedCallback signature for SpectrumValue.
     *
     * \param [in] value Value of the traced variable.
     * \deprecated The non-const \c Ptr<SpectrumPhy> argument
     * is deprecated and will be changed to \c Ptr<const SpectrumPhy>
     * in a future release.
     */
    typedef void (*TracedCallback)(Ptr<SpectrumValue> value);

  private:
    /**
     * Add a SpectrumValue (element to element addition)
     * \param x SpectrumValue
     */
    void Add(const SpectrumValue& x);
    /**
     * Add a flat value to all the current elements
     * \param s flat value
     */
    void Add(double s);
    /**
     * Subtracts a SpectrumValue (element by element subtraction)
     * \param x SpectrumValue
     */
    void Subtract(const SpectrumValue& x);
    /**
     * Subtracts a flat value to all the current elements
     * \param s flat value
     */
    void Subtract(double s);
    /**
     * Multiplies for a SpectrumValue (element to element multiplication)
     * \param x SpectrumValue
     */
    void Multiply(const SpectrumValue& x);
    /**
     * Multiplies for a flat value to all the current elements
     * \param s flat value
     */
    void Multiply(double s);
    /**
     * Divides by a SpectrumValue (element to element division)
     * \param x SpectrumValue
     */
    void Divide(const SpectrumValue& x);
    /**
     * Divides by a flat value to all the current elements
     * \param s flat value
     */
    void Divide(double s);
    /**
     * Change the values sign
     */
    void ChangeSign();
    /**
     * Shift the values to the left
     * \param n number of positions to shift
     */
    void ShiftLeft(int n);
    /**
     * Shift the values to the right
     * \param n number of positions to shift
     */
    void ShiftRight(int n);
    /**
     * Modifies each element so that it each element is raised to the exponent
     *
     * \param exp the exponent
     */
    void Pow(double exp);
    /**
     * Modifies each element so that it is
     * the base raised to each element value
     *
     * \param base the base
     */
    void Exp(double base);
    /**
     * Applies a Log10 to each the elements
     */
    void Log10();
    /**
     * Applies a Log2 to each the elements
     */
    void Log2();
    /**
     * Applies a Log to each the elements
     */
    void Log();

    Ptr<const SpectrumModel> m_spectrumModel; //!< The spectrum model

    /**
     * Set of values which implement the codomain of the functions in
     * the Function Space defined by SpectrumValue. There is no restriction
     * on what these values represent (a transmission power density, a
     * propagation loss, etc.).
     *
     */
    Values m_values;
};

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const SpectrumValue& pvf);

double Norm(const SpectrumValue& x);
double Sum(const SpectrumValue& x);
double Prod(const SpectrumValue& x);
SpectrumValue Pow(const SpectrumValue& lhs, double rhs);
SpectrumValue Pow(double lhs, const SpectrumValue& rhs);
SpectrumValue Log10(const SpectrumValue& arg);
SpectrumValue Log2(const SpectrumValue& arg);
SpectrumValue Log(const SpectrumValue& arg);
double Integral(const SpectrumValue& arg);

} // namespace ns3

#endif /* SPECTRUM_VALUE_H */
